Operationalizing the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus Through Basic Social Services and Durable Solutions

With humanitarian crises around the world increasingly protracted, humanitarian operations can last for 10 or 20 years, sometimes longer. This creates the risk of entrenched humanitarian dependencies, not least for the tens of millions of people around the world living in protracted displacement.

Therefore, humanitarian actors must redouble their efforts to ensure assistance not only meets humanitarian needs but reduces them by contributing to sustainable national and local systems and to durable solutions for displaced populations. It is key that humanitarian actors work alongside development and peacebuilding actors. This will help to ensure that people can access basic social services and progress to self-sufficiency, guided by the promise of Agenda 2030 to “reach the further left behind first.”

Lack of access to adequate basic social services is a challenge in many countries with Humanitarian Response Plans and Refugee Response Plans. While the primary responsibility for the delivery of these services lies with Governments, they can struggle to live up to this responsibility due to gaps in territorial control, exclusionary policies or weak administrative capacity.

Benghazi, Libya

This man was 20 years old when he fled what he calls “the persecution of the residents of Tawergha.” He was driving towards Sirte to join his family, who had fled Tawergha shortly before him, when a missile struck the area. Since then, he has had difficulty moving his tongue, drastically affecting his speech. His injuries make it difficult for him to find work and look after his family. Despite this, he remains thankful that he survived the attack and now has a family. Epitomizing the resilience of most people in the Qaryounis settlement, he said: “My family are healthy, so I have nothing to complain about.”

OCHA/Giles Clarke

When development actors, particularly international financial institutions, withdraw from financing the delivery of basic social services through Governments, this often shifts the responsibility to humanitarian actors, who already have high caseloads and are chronically under-resourced.¹ While humanitarian organizations usually focus on delivering immediate life-saving assistance, collaboration with development actors is required to ensure the sustained delivery of basic social services.

Collaboration with peacebuilding actors may be needed to ensure the governance and security required to deliver these services. With each actor working according to their mandate, humanitarian, development and, where appropriate, peace collaboration (the HDP nexus) can contribute to not only meeting people’s basic needs but to reducing underlying risks and vulnerabilities and ensuring resilience. Strengthening national and local systems to deliver basic social services and respond to future shocks is the most sustainable way to achieve this.

Taiz, Yemen

A displaced man sews a cap inside his shelter at an IDP camp in Taiz governorate.

OCHA/Mahmoud Fadel

With the number of IDPs and refugees at a record high and millions of these people living in protracted displacement, the advancement of durable solutions is critical. In September 2021, the report by the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement pointed to an “imperative for durable solutions.” The panel called for a shift towards a more development-oriented approach and for more predictable engagement of development actors in the early stages of displacement crises. Development and peace actors must work alongside humanitarian actors and focus on strengthening public systems and basic social services to assist IDPs together with refugees and other persons of concern and their host communities.

The panel called for a stronger role for UN RC/HCs in driving nexus approaches to advance durable solutions for displaced populations at the country level. In many countries, RC/HCs, UN Country Teams and HCTs have successfully implemented strategies to achieve ‘collective outcomes’ between humanitarian, development and peace actors, including through joint analysis and better joined-up planning, programming and financing.

Humanitarian Guidance and Mechanisms

Burkina Faso: Cooperation Framework to Leave No One Behind

Sirighin, Burkina Faso

Community members and IDPs work together and acquire new agricultural skills at a land-rehabilitation project. This is part of a WFP resilience activity that aims to go beyond food assistance. Internal displacement is growing in Burkina Faso due to insecurity. Many of the displaced people have been relying on food assistance for more than two years.

In 2022, the humanitarian community in Burkina Faso has applied a targeting methodology that takes into account the severity of needs and accessibility of services by populations in need of assistance; conducts a geographic analysis to focus on areas in which populations are on the move (displacement) and/or face challenges in accessing basic services and assistance through regular national structures; and considers the humanitarian community’s capacity to respond to these needs. Through this process, the humanitarian community is enhancing the rigour of its targeting process and thus the credibility of its financing request. Affected populations, national authorities and donors considering the Burkina Faso HRP can have greater confidence that the humanitarian community has the capacity to deliver the support indicated, and that it is not replacing national systems but prioritizing their extension to people most in need. In tandem, the development community in Burkina Faso is developing the new UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, in collaboration with humanitarian partners, which offers a unique opportunity to bridge from the HRP through the Cooperation Framework to Leave No One Behind and ensure that the triple nexus approach becomes a reality.

Several countries have agreed on collective outcomes to strengthen basic social service delivery, including Cameroon, DRC, Libya and Somalia. Other countries offer good practice for humanitarian actors working together with Government, development and peacebuilding actors to ensure the delivery of basic social services. For example, in CAR, the Government and partners committed to investing in redeploying the territorial public administration, relaunching public services and restoring State authority. This was done in parallel with efforts towards the recovery of local communities and socioeconomic resilience, particularly in marginalized and remote regions most affected by the crisis. A Social Protection Working Group also meets at national and local levels to ensure complementarity between humanitarian and development cash assistance.

In Iraq, a structure with area-based coordination mechanisms has been set up in areas of high return of displaced people to ensure complementarity of humanitarian, development and Government action on the ground. The UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework has added a fifth chapter on durable solutions to stress the importance of finding durable solutions to end displacement in Iraq by 2024.

In some countries, the formulation of collective outcomes on internal displacement has helped drive collaborative approaches towards durable solutions. In Somalia, a collective outcome has been agreed at the national level to reduce the risks and vulnerabilities of displaced populations, contributing towards solutions. Durable solutions are one of the three priority areas for the operationalization of the HDP nexus in the country. The focus on solutions has created high-level political momentum and resulted in the March 2021 launch of the national Durable Solutions Strategy.²