Regional Refugee Response Plans

In 2025, UNHCR will continue working with a wide range of partners to implement five Regional Refugee Response Plans (RRPs) that support host governments to protect and assist refugees as well as the communities receiving them. These will include Regional Plans for refugees from Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), South Sudan, Sudan and Ukraine. In addition, UNHCR and UNDP will continue to co-lead the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan in response to the Syria crisis (3RP). In total, these regional plans cover 32 countries.

The 2025 Regional Response Plans (RRPs) are inter-agency planning, coordination, and fundraising tools developed under the leadership or co-leadership of UNHCR to assist host governments in protecting and supporting refugees, returnees, and host communities. Aligned with the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR), these structured yet flexible frameworks deliver effective responses for both emergency and protracted situations. The RRPs adopt a “whole-of-society” approach, fostering inclusive partnerships with diverse actors, including NGOs, local and national organizations, faith-based organizations, UN agencies, development actors and the private sector.

Localization is an even stronger priority in the 2025 RRPs, which are increasingly including, engaging and providing visibility for engagement with local and national actors, including those led by forcibly displaced and stateless people.

Jordan

Noor, a 23-year-old poet from Dara’a, Syria, has lived in Zaatari camp for nine years since seeking asylum in 2015 after outbreak of conflict in her home country. She channels her experiences into poetry, using her writing as a powerful means of expression and reflection.

UNHCR/Shawkat Alharfoush

RRPs remain guided by an age, gender, and diversity (AGD) lens, where meaningful participation is pursued to ensure that refugees, returnees, asylum-seekers, and host communities themselves are actively involved in every phase of the response cycle. In addition, accountability to affected populations is fundamental to each RRP, with a particular focus on amplifying the voices of women and girls in shaping decisions and programmes that impact them.

Cash-based assistance is preferred where appropriate, while in-kind support continues where necessary, enhancing refugees’ choice in meeting their own needs.

At the core of the 2025 RRPs is also a commitment to enhancing resilience and social cohesion systematically, embedding longer-term interventions that promote refugee inclusion and self-reliance from the outset. Where feasible, investing in sustainable responses is being adopted through RRPs aiming to integrate objectives on inclusion and solutions into national development plans and UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks, where present, and increasing engagement with development and peace actors early in the response to enable a shift from emergency assistance to contributing to solutions.

The RRPs will adjust as national systems are reinforced, ensuring that protection and essential services remain accessible, and that responses stay coherent with evolving needs.

Tanzania

A refugee student engages with his teacher in a classroom at Nyarugusu Camp.

UNHCR/Maimuna Mtengela

The 2025 RRPs will also address the socioeconomic challenges exacerbated by conflict, climate change, and rising costs of living, particularly in regions where vulnerabilities are high. Climate resilience activities will be enhanced in recognition of climate change's impact on displacement. The plans mainstream protection across all interventions, prioritizing safe environments and minimizing risks for refugees and host communities. Protecting from and responding to sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) and sexual harassment is a cross-cutting priority in line with interagency commitments.

Through strengthened partnerships, RRPs equip governments to meet urgent needs, pursue long-term solutions, and address root causes. RRPs promote stability and shared well-being across communities, providing a predictable, coordinated response that respects the unique needs of both refugees and their host communities.

Bratislava, Slovakia

Olha, 18, from Izmail, southern Ukraine, is pursuing a BA in Managerial Mathematics at Comenius University, on a DAFI scholarship. Her journey highlights resilience and determination to build a brighter future.

UNHCR/Antoine Tardy

Afghanistan (RRP)

People in Need

7.3 million

People Targeted

7.3 million

Requirements (US$)

$624.5 million

Countries covered

Pakistan, Iran

Refugees, Afghans in refugee-like situations and Afghans of other status targeted

4.8 million

Host communities (directly and indirectly) targeted

2.5 million

Crisis overview

In 2024, Afghanistan’s humanitarian and human rights situation continued to deteriorate. Since 2021, over 1.6 million Afghans have sought safety and protection in Iran and Pakistan, which now host over 8 million Afghans. This year, Afghans became the world’s largest refugee population, surpassing Syrians.

The “non-return” advisory UNHCR issued in August 2021 remains in effect, and was reaffirmed in February 2023 with an updated Guidance Note on International Protection Needs of People Fleeing Afghanistan. The guidance note urges States to grant access to Afghan nationals and, in cases where asylum systems are overwhelmed, to establish temporary protection or stay arrangements with safeguards for Afghan nationals. These arrangements should remain until Afghanistan’s security, humanitarian, rule of law, and human rights conditions have improved enough to enable safe, dignified voluntary repatriation.

Nevertheless, over 156,000 Afghans returned from Pakistan in the first half of the year. In the areas of return, essential needs include documentation and protection services for children and women, housing, financial assistance and food aid. Sustainable return also depends on economic opportunities for refugees and host communities through investments in entrepreneurship, improved access to markets and Sharia-compliant microfinance.

Semnan, Iran

An older Afghan man purchases fresh bread in the Semnan refugee settlement.

UNHCR/Hossein Eidizadeh

Conditions for Afghan women and girls have worsened over recent years due to increasingly restrictive measures imposed by the de facto authorities. Due to their particularly precarious protection situation, women and girls face heightened risk of gender-based violence (GBV), exploitation, abuse and trafficking, which exacerbate the dangers for those fleeing for safety. Afghans without documentation also face heightened risks of exploitation and human trafficking, worsened by unclear, opaque and unfair asylum procedures, which contribute to heightened irregular border crossings and onward movements.

The situation for Afghans in neighbouring host countries has also become increasingly challenging. Economic fragility limits livelihoods opportunities, the cost of living is rising sharply, xenophobia is on the rise. The 1.6 million Afghans who have sought refuge in Iran and Pakistan since 2021 are straining resources in both countries. Iran and Pakistan, now hosting nearly 8 million Afghans combined, along with other countries hosting Afghan refugees, require ongoing and increased support, in line with the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR) to continue providing essential aid.

As of June 2024, the Islamic Republic of Iran is the world’s largest refugee-hosting country, with at least 3.8 million refugees and persons in need of international protection, including more than 1 million who have arrived since 2021. Despite economic challenges, Iran has maintained inclusive health and education policies to all 4.5 million Afghans residing there. The Government is also issuing smart ID cards to undocumented Afghans who participated in a national headcount exercise, helping to regularize their documentation and improve access to services. However, the worsening economy is contributing to tensions over perceived job competition between refugees and host communities; up to 418,000 Afghans have returned to Afghanistan, with an estimated 30 per cent subsequently re-entering Iran.

Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Nafeesa, a 48-year-old Afghan refugee, receives her COVID-19 vaccine at the Red Crescent Mass Vaccination Centre in Rawalpindi, Punjab.

UNHCR/Asif Shahzad

Pakistan is currently home to about 1.3 million Afghan refugees (as of June 2024) and over 1.5 million Afghans of other status. Pakistan’s long-standing and commendable tradition of welcoming asylum-seekers faced challenges in 2023 with the Government’s Illegal Foreigners Repatriation Plan (IFRP), which aimed to repatriate over one million foreign nationals without valid documents to their countries of origin. By October 2024, about 755,000 Afghans, mostly undocumented, returned to Afghanistan due to pressure and fear of arrest. However, returns decreased significantly in 2024, following a pause in the IFRP roll-out.

Refugee Response Plan (RRP) partners remain concerned about the risk of involuntary returns from Pakistan and Iran. Women and girls, journalists, musicians, artists, and ethnic minorities, are especially at risk due to the human rights situation in Afghanistan. In Iran, efforts are focused on ensuring access to territory, asylum and social protection. RRP partners will work with the Government to reduce barriers to documentation and legal status, while complementary support will target the most vulnerable groups, including improved child protection and safety for women and girls. In addition, partners will support the extension of inclusive state education and health care services for Afghan refugees to safeguard equitable access.

In Pakistan, the RRP will support the Government in helping Afghan refugees and those of other legal status realize their rights in line with international protection standards. This includes documentation, humanitarian protection, GBV mitigation and response, and child protection services. Alongside access to inter-sectoral essential services, the plan prioritizes investments in human capital, recognizing the challenges of maintaining basic living conditions for both Afghans and host communities.

Semnan, Iran

Afghan girls attend school near their homes in the Semnan refugee settlement. In Iran, all children, including Afghan refugee girls, have access to education.

UNHCR/Hossein Eidizadeh

Response priorities in 2025

The 2024-2025 RRP recognizes the significant contributions of host countries and reaffirms a regional, multi-stakeholder, multi-sectoral approach. As the refugee situation becomes more protracted, in addition to required protection services and life-saving assistance, this approach will increasingly focus on strengthening resilience efforts and catalyzing development investments to support host countries.

In 2025, the RRP will follow four regional strategic objectives, prioritizing community-based interventions and cross-border collaboration to:

Coordinate efforts towards solutions aligned with the SSAR.
Adopt a humanitarian-development nexus approach to build resilient communities, anchored in government systems wherever possible. This will reinforce the local and national systems of host countries that have supported Afghans for decades, in the spirit of international responsibility-sharing and in line with the GCR. Priorities include reinforcing national education and healthcare infrastructure and supporting livelihoods for both Afghans and host communities.
Support host governments in ensuring access to territory, asylum and protection in accordance with international standards. This includes respect for the principle of non-refoulement, as well as ensuring admission, reception, individual registration and documentation.
Respond to the basic needs of the most at risk, including via sustained support to government-led emergency preparedness and a multi-stakeholder, multi-sectoral response to newly displaced individuals due to conflict, disaster and other crises, as well as to those affected by rising living costs.

Regional cross-cutting priorities also include mainstreaming age, gender, and diversity approaches, with a particular focus on disability inclusion and youth. Mental health and psychosocial support will address challenges such as displacement, poverty, limited livelihood opportunities, traditional gender roles, social cohesion challenges that affect Afghan mental health and well-being across the region. Additional priorities include accountability to affected people, GBV risk mitigation, protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and localization, with a substantial portion of RRP activities implemented by local organizations.

2024 in review: Response highlights and consequences of inaction

Response highlights

Regional | Education

89,200 children (Afghan refugees and of other statuses, and members of the host community) accessed primary (66,800) & secondary (22,400) education.

30 Jun 2024

Regional | Health

287,400 Afghans supported with healthcare services.

30 Jun 2024

Regional | Protection

60,000 individuals provided with counselling on registration, documentation & international protection.

30 Jun 2024

Regional | Water, sanitation and hygiene

102,400 individuals received hygienic supplies.

30 Jun 2024

Iran | Education

17,000 children (Afghan refugees and of other statuses, and members of the host community) accessed primary (12,600) & secondary (4,400) education.

30 Jun 2024

Iran | Health

70,200 Afghans supported through Universal Public Health Insurance (UPHI).
7 health facilities supported with equipment, medicines and medical supplies or staff salaries.

30 Jun 2024

Iran | Protection

60,000 individuals provided with counselling on registration, documentation & international protection. 4,200 people received legal support.

30 Jun 2024

Iran | Water, sanitation and hygiene

53,800 individuals received hygienic supplies. 1,700 people reached through installation or rehabilitation of the water supply.

Pakistan | Education

54,100 children (Afghan refugees and of other statuses, and members of the host community) accessed primary education.

30 Jun 2024

Pakistan | Health

210,400 Afghans accessed primary healthcare services. 40,000 children (aged 6-59 months) provided with multiple micronutrient powder.

30 Jun 2024

Pakistan | Protection

170 newly identified children at heightened risk supported by a Best Interests Procedure.
72,400 or 51 per cent of women and girls accessed friendly spaces.
35,800 or 45 per cent of individuals received legal assistance.

30 Jun 2024

Pakistan | Water, sanitation and hygiene

38,500 individuals benefitted from the installation or rehabilitation of the sanitation and solid waste management system.

30 Jun 2024

Consequences of inaction

Iran | Education

RRP partners have prioritized support to inclusive education services. Iran hosts a large youth refugee population, many of whom are Afghan girls and women excluded from secondary education in Afghanistan. An additional $48 million is needed to support 220,000 school-aged children. Key support areas—contingent on this funding—include retention and transition to formal education through remedial catch-up classes and school readiness programmes, education support for refugee children with disabilities, cash and in-kind assistance for students, construction and improvement of facilities, and access to tertiary and higher education. Failing to address these needs could greatly strain the national education system and significantly raise the number of children who are out of school. Additionally, limited capacity leaves more Afghan families unable to enroll their children, increasing child protection risks.

Pakistan | Health and nutrition

$22 million is needed to meet the nutritional needs of 2.8 million people. Only 10 per cent of this population has been reached with current funding of $6 million. Due to limited funds, critical nutrition sites have closed, directly impacting refugees and host communities. Key underfunded areas include treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM), provision of micronutrient supplements, and support for maternal, infant, young child, and adolescent nutrition, including infant and young child feeding practices and key family care practices. Treating SAM in inpatient care and addressing moderate acute malnutrition through targeted supplementary feeding programmes has been extremely challenging, with funding at only 3 per cent. This funding gap threatens the operation of dedicated health facilities and the availability of skilled nutrition staff in refugee settlements, which provide integrated support including nutrition services.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (RRP)

People in Need

2.1 million

People Targeted

2.1 million

Requirements (US$)

$690.2 million

Countries covered

Angola, Burundi, Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia

Refugees

1.1 million

Host communities (directly and indirectly) targeted

1.0 million

Crisis overview

The humanitarian crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is among the world’s most complex, marked by protracted displacement both within the country and across borders. Ongoing violence, including clashes between armed groups, human rights abuses, and gender-based violence (GBV), has intensified protection and life-saving needs, forcing many to seek asylum in neighbouring countries. This violence is especially severe in eastern provinces bordering Rwanda and Uganda. In the first half of 2024 alone, over 940,000 people were displaced due to escalating hostilities. Pre-existing vulnerabilities worsen the situation, with displaced people facing high risks from limited livelihood opportunities, and inadequate shelter and sanitation facilities.

In April 2024, the IASC Principals (representing 20 NGOs and UN agencies) issued an urgent warning about record levels of sexual violence, forced displacement, and hunger. This crisis is expected to persist and possibly worsen in 2025 amid ongoing instability. A responsible transition of the MONUSCO mission in North Kivu and Ituri is necessary to prevent further destabilization.

As of September 2024, an estimated 8.4 million people have been displaced due to the crisis in the DRC. Of those, 7.3 million are internally displaced and over 1 million have sought refuge in neighboring countries, including Angola, Burundi, the Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia. The number of refugees from the DRC seeking international protection rose by approximately 36,500 in the first nine months of 2024.

Aid in Action

Navigating teen pregnancy in a refugee camp

Rwanda

Anne, an 18-year-old mother, spends time with her 2-year-old daughter at Save the Children Daycare in Mahama Camp.

UNHCR/Lilly Carlisle

Having fled the Democratic Republic of the Congo at age six, Anne* was eager to pursue her education in Mahama camp. But when she became pregnant at age 15, her world changed. With her parents' support, she navigated the challenges of teenage motherhood, returning to school six months after giving birth.

Thanks to Save the Children’s daycare programme, Anne could focus on her studies, knowing her daughter, Jane, was in good care. Now in Senior 3, she is passionate about mathematics, physics, and geography, and dreams of learning to drive one day.

Anne’s journey reflects resilience, but her story also shines a light on a broader issue—the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in refugee camps. Her advice to other teens is simple yet profound: "Stay in school, because school saves you from bad behaviors. The school also helps you deal with financial troubles by helping you find a job in the future.”

Looking ahead, Anne hopes for greater access to reproductive health education within the camp. UNHCR and its partners recognize the importance of empowering teenagers with the knowledge and resources they need to make informed choices about their bodies and futures. UNHCR with Save the Children International, Plan International Rwanda and ALIGHT are implementing programmes focused on child protection and gender-based violence prevention. Through awareness-raising campaigns, door-to-door outreach, one-on-one sessions, and different sports and recreational activities, these initiatives aim to support and uplift the refugee community.

* Name changed for protection purposes

With limited prospects for voluntary return and third-country solutions, the DRC refugee population is expected to grow in 2025. This will increase pressure on host countries, which are already managing challenges like high population growth, food insecurity, worsening socio-economic conditions and the adverse effects of climate change.

For three decades, host governments and communities have generously provided safety to refugees from the DRC and continue to welcome new arrivals. However, refugee policies and legislation vary widely across the region. Some countries have progressive policies aligned with the Global Compact on Refugees, which enhance refugee protection and promote inclusion and solutions. Others, however, enforce restrictive policies that risk trapping refugees in cycles of deprivation, perpetuating dependency on external aid. For example, continued encampment policies confine refugees to overcrowded settlements, increasing vulnerability to diseases like measles, cholera and malaria and exacerbating food insecurity that can force families to resort to harmful coping strategies.

Given these challenges, refugee needs are likely to remain extensive in 2025 and beyond. This underscores the need to work with host governments to promote refugee self-reliance and resilience. Key actions include ensuring refugees’ right to work and access to national services such as healthcare, education and banking.

Angola

A Congolese refugee family boards a plane as part of UNHCR’s voluntary return programme, marking a new chapter in their journey home.

UNHCR/ Camila Geraldo

Response priorities in 2025

In 2025, partners will continue to implement the priorities outlined in the two-year DRC Regional RRP, launched in 2024. The expanded scope of the RRP reflects both the need for lifesaving emergency assistance and the need to address the protracted nature of the crisis. With many DRC refugees displaced for decades, the plan focuses on building resilience and self-reliance within communities to move towards lasting solutions.

In 2025, the DRC RRP seeks $690.2 million to protect and assist 2.1 million refugees and host communities, guided by the following regional strategic objectives:

1. Enhance the protection environment

Building on the progress from 2024, partners will work with governments to safeguard unhindered access to asylum and international protection, and promote refugees’ rights. A key focus will be collaborating with host governments to adopt and implement progressive refugee policies that support solutions. Partners will maintain a needs-based approach with age, gender and diversity integrated across all programmes. Responses will also include risk mitigation measures and maintain a strong commitment to accountability to affected people.

2. Support dignified lives and access to basic services

Partners will expand needs-based approaches to provide timely, targeted assistance through community-driven programmes. These programmes will offer in-kind and cash-based assistance and tailored services for vulnerable refugees. To bolster social cohesion and follow a “do no harm” approach, partners will address needs in host communities living alongside refugees. Where possible, interventions will be temporary, focusing on preventing further deterioration among the most vulnerable refugees and addressing the underlying causes of their vulnerability.

3. Promote access to and inclusion into national systems:

Following host government pledges made at the Global Refugee Forum, partners will work with national agencies to expand refugees’ access to inclusive national systems. This includes promoting access to education, healthcare, employment and social services, while also strengthening public institutions to ensure that policies benefit both refugees and host communities.

4. Promote self-reliance and pursue durable solutions:

To address the root causes of vulnerability, partners will promote self-reliance and seek solutions wherever possible. At the local level, this involves creating sustainable livelihood opportunities and financial independence. For vulnerable refugees, including those with specific needs or medical conditions, resettlement and complementary pathways will remain key when local solutions are unavailable. Partners will also continue supporting voluntary returns for those who choose to repatriate.

Localization will remain central, ensuring a more community-based, sustainable response. This involves ongoing collaboration with host governments and local authorities to implement inclusive policies aligned with national development frameworks. Partners will commit to capacity-sharing with local organizations, engaging them throughout the RRP programming cycle to ensure the response is accountable, cost-effective and timely. Additionally, partners uphold a zero-tolerance approach to sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). All organizations involved in the RRP will mainstream measures to prevent and mitigate SEA risks through their programming.

Aid in Action

Refugees in Angola build self-reliance through agriculture

Angola

A refugee farmer nurtures his crops as part of a livelihood and agriculture project aimed at fostering self-reliance and food security.

UNHCR/Camila Geraldo

In Lunda Norte, Angola, RRP partners are empowering refugee communities beyond basic agriculture. Projects in rice, maize, and vegetable farming not only improve food security but also promote self-reliance and socioeconomic inclusion. Over 600 families, including host community families, benefit by consuming or selling their produce, generating income and contributing to the province's food supply.

A key figure in this effort is Nkoyo Antoinette, or “Maman Antho,” a former civil servant from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She manages work in the rice fields and is a symbol of female leadership in Louva settlement. Her journey from food aid recipient to agricultural leader reflects refugees' desire to support themselves.

Maman Antho emphasizes the importance of working the land, teaching children to take pride in their labor. Similarly, DRC refugee Jean Bafolo, a father of three, sees farming as a path to restore dignity and provide for his family. These efforts highlight refugee resilience and the importance of durable solutions.

2024 in review: Response highlights and consequences of inaction

Response highlights

Regional | Food security

RRP partners have provided regular food assistance, both in-kind and cash-based, to thousands of refugees each month. In Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Burundi and Angola—hosting about 90 per cent of DRC refugees targeted under the RRP— partners reached 627,470 refugees between January and September 2024.

Jan - Sep 2024

Zambia | Basic needs/cash assistance

1,689 refugee households (over 8,000 individuals) with specific needs–facing barriers to accessing services or assistance—received cash assistance while 1,622 DRC refugee households (nearly 7,800 people) received cash assistance to aid recovery from the ongoing drought.

30 June 2024

Burundi | Energy/NFI

Approximately 80 per cent of refugee households (about 14,000) received clean and energy-efficient cooking technologies, such as environmentally friendly briquets.

30 June 2024

Rwanda | Education

Refugees from DRC have access to government education services and partners have helped them overcome financial barriers to learning. 609 refugees accessed higher education, including through the DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative) programme.

30 June 2024

Tanzania | Public health and nutrition

Partners supported primary health facilities to provide over 127,000 consultations for refugees from the DRC and host community members in the first nine months of the year.

30 June 2024

Uganda | Livelihoods and economic inclusion

RRP partners, working alongside the Government, assisted 39 per cent of DRC refugee households to access land for agricultural activities.
Over 17,000 refugees received training in agricultural practices and climate-smart technologies, while 19,811 were trained in entrepreneurship, financial literacy, business management, and group dynamics.

30 June 2024

Consequences of inaction

Health

Across the region, funding shortfalls have significantly affected the availability and quality of healthcare for DRC refugees. In Uganda, a 15 per cent funding reduction has caused a shortage of 735 healthcare professionals in refugee-supporting facilities. In Tanzania’s overcrowded camps, similar funding gaps mean there is an average of one doctor for every 10,000 refugees. Additionally, more than half of the health facilities in Nyarugusu camp, the largest camp for DRC refugees in Tanzania, have closed. Referral services, which provide access to secondary and tertiary healthcare for refugees, have also been affected, with UNHCR in Rwanda limiting referrals to emergency cases only. Underfunded refugee health programmes not only delay and reduce the quality of healthcare delivered to refugees, but also jeopardize long-term health outcomes by precluding early or preventative treatments that could reduce the need for specialized and costly care.

Education

Funding shortages have sharply limited educational opportunities for young DRC refugees, disrupting families’ efforts to rebuild their lives and provide for their children’s future. In Tanzanian refugee camps, underfunding has left classrooms in a state of disrepair and worsened overcrowding, with a teacher-student ratio of one to 297. In Angola, resources are so limited that educational activities reach only 50 per cent or 1,874, of targeted children. In Rwanda, many young refugees face barriers to education, with 266 unable to afford boarding fees for designated ‘schools of excellence’.

Water, sanitation and hygiene

Funding cuts have severely impacted water and sanitation services for DRC refugees. In Uganda, with increased arrivals and aging infrastructure, only two of 13 refugee settlements meet the minimum water standard of 20 litres per person daily. Without significant investment, up to 736,000 refugees and host community members in Uganda may have inadequate water access (less than 10 litres per day) and poor sanitation facilities, raising the risk of water-borne diseases like cholera. A similar crisis is unfolding in Angola’s Lovua settlement, where underfunding has left damaged boreholes unrepaired, resulting in water shortages and heightened tensions between refugees and host communities. In Tanzania, strained water sanitation infrastructure leaves latrine coverage far below minimum standards, with a ratio of one latrine for every 176 students in settlements—far from the minimum standard of 1:40.

Protection

Underinvestment has also disrupted registration and documentation services for DRC refugees, hampering access to protection, assistance and basic services. In Angola, limited resources and civil registry capacity have left over 1,000 refugees from the Lovua settlement unregistered, potentially depriving them of essential rights. Similarly, in the Republic of the Congo, about 3,000 refugees risk exclusion due to lack of registration and documentation services. In the long term, this lack of documentation may perpetuate vulnerability, limiting access to basic services or employment opportunities.

South Sudan (RRP)

People in Need

4.3 million

People Targeted

4.3 million

Requirements (US$)

$1.35 billion

Countries covered

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda

Refugees targeted

2.4 million

Host communities (directly and indirectly) targeted

1.8 million

Crisis overview

The crisis in South Sudan continues to drive widespread forced displacement across the continent. As of 2024, approximately 2 million people remain internally displaced and 2.3 million South Sudanese refugees live in neighbouring countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and Uganda.

South Sudan’s elections, originally scheduled for December 2024, have been postponed by two years. This delay, coupled with ongoing political tensions and the lingering effects of the civil war—such as inadequate infrastructure, poor services, and a fragile legal system—suggest high displacement levels will continue into 2025. Currently, four in ten South Sudanese people are internally displaced, and three in four require humanitarian aid. Between 2023 and 2024, the humanitarian situation deteriorated, partly due to the crisis in Sudan, which has forced over 600,000 South Sudanese refugees to return in adverse circumstances. This influx has further strained the humanitarian response, worsening food insecurity, malnutrition, and health issues. The conflict in Sudan has also disrupted cross-border trade, halted oil production and blocked humanitarian corridors, driving up food and commodity prices and crippling the economy. Additionally, the fifth consecutive year of flooding in 2024 has further heightened food insecurity and hampered aid efforts.

In the DRC, the situation for South Sudanese refugees remained stable, but without opportunities for improved protection or self-reliance. In Ethiopia, partners in the Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz regions focused on strengthening education, water, sanitation and health services under government leadership. Kenya’s Shirika Plan helped refugees in the Kakuma and Kalobyei settlements better integrate into national systems, improving access to healthcare and education—a priority that will continue into 2025. Uganda’s progressive refugee policies, which allow access to land and basic services, will also continue, strengthening access to national systems and enhancing self-reliance.

In Sudan, conflict since April 2023 has worsened conditions in White Nile State, where large populations of refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) from Khartoum, Al Jazira, and Sennar States have arrived. Services in refugee camps are under immense pressure, and expanding services will be a priority for 2025.

Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo

South Sudanese asylum-seekers being registered, marking the first step toward protection and assistance.

UNHCR/Nick Biata

Food assistance remained limited across the region, with rations reduced to as low as 60 per cent in 2024 (except in Sudan). Strengthening food security and promoting self-reliance will be the focus in 2025. With over 60 per cent of South Sudanese refugees being children and youth under the age of 25, expanding access to quality education in national systems will also remain critical.

UNHCR estimates that 242,000 South Sudanese refugees, primarily from Ethiopia and Uganda, will need resettlement in 2025. Additional and complementary pathways to third countries will play a vital role in sharing international responsibility for refugee protection and reuniting families. While labour mobility and higher education opportunities in third countries remain limited, expanding these pathways for qualified and eligible South Sudanese refugees will promote self-reliance and dignity. UNHCR also aims to increase the proportion of South Sudanese refugees prioritized for resettlement to address protection needs.

Together with the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the East African Community, partners are working to integrate refugees into national systems and explore regional solutions, including local solutions for protracted displacement.

A lack of adequate funding remained the largest impediment to the response through 2024. In addition, the conflict in Sudan, a country closely linked to South Sudan politically, culturally and economically, has deeply impacted assistance efforts for South Sudanese refugees and has broader implications for regional cooperation and security. The displacement of South Sudanese across the region is likely to remain protracted, leading to extended humanitarian needs in 2025.

Uganda

Daniel, 36, and his wife Grace, South Sudanese refugees, are thriving entrepreneurs in the BidiBidi refugee settlement. Through the IRC’s Economic and Social Empowerment (EASE) programme, they run a grocery shop and a solar-powered electronics charging business. Daniel is also pursuing a bachelor’s degree at university.

IRC/D. Semwogerere

Response priorities in 2025

For 2025, South Sudan Regional RRP partners are seeking $1.35 billion to protect and assist close to 4.3 million refugees and host community members. The strategic objectives of the 2024 South Sudan RRP are extended to 2025, and add food security to meet the needs of refugees and their host communities:

Maintain asylum space and enhance protection and the realization of refugee and asylum-seeker rights.
Provide quality, efficient and timely protection and lifesaving multi-sectoral assistance to refugees, asylum-seekers and host communities, including prevention and response to GBV and protection against sexual exploitation and abuse, child protection, birth registration, and enhancing accountability to affected people.
Promote inclusion of refugees and asylum-seekers into national systems including for child protection, legal and physical protection, social protection, education, health, and livelihoods and resilience through strategic engagement with governments, the private sector, regional bodies and development actors.
Enhance sustainable and durable solutions for refugees and asylum-seekers including opportunities for resettlement and complementary pathways for admission to third countries.
Advocate for measures allowing refugees to exercise greater self-reliance and resilience, including food security, economic mobility, and more international support to the South Sudan situation, leveraging pledges made at the 2023 Global Refugee Forum.

In 2025, refugee-hosting countries will prioritize strengthening support for South Sudanese refugees and expanding their integration into national systems to promote self-reliance, by leveraging national, regional and global frameworks. Coordinated efforts among host countries, humanitarian organizations, development partners and the private sector will be essential to address refugees’ immediate needs and build lasting solutions.

The plan also emphasizes protection from sexual exploitation and abuse and accountability to affected people, and promotes age, gender equality and diversity inclusion. Localization will be a core component of the South Sudan RRP, prioritizing collaboration with national NGOs, local authorities, and local communities, including refugees. Partners are committed to mitigating climate shocks across the response.

Lodwar, Kenya

South Sudanese refugee and host community students embark on their journey to the Kenya Medical Training Center, where they will begin their nursing qualifications.

UNHCR/Charity Nzomo

2024 in review: Response highlights and consequences of inaction

Response highlights

Ethiopia | Protection

1,717 South Sudanese received identification documents containing Fayda ID numbers and QR codes. The Fayda ID number enables refugees to access digital based services, such as education, health care, social and banking services. It also facilitates acquisition of business licenses, freedom of movement and financial inclusion.

30 Sep 2024

Ethiopia | Gender-based violence

All survivors reporting GBV received psychosocial and health support. 26,785 women and girls and 18,374 men and boys were engaged in GBV mass information sessions including Engaging Men and Boys in Accountable Practices (EMAP training) and individualized protection responses.

30 Sep 2024

Ethiopia | Health and nutrition

198,150 medical consultations were provided, including 2 per cent for host community members, and 943 individuals received mental health services. Nutrition programmes reached 12,386 undernourished children (6-59 months) with acute malnutrition treatment services.

30 Sep 2024

Ethiopia | Livelihoods

4,806 refugees received livelihood agricultural support which facilitated the increase of their agricultural income. An additional 1,489 refugees were supported to engage in different business schemes to enhance self-reliance.

30 Sep 2024

Ethiopia | Water, sanitation and hygiene

2,387 household latrines were constructed with community participation.

30 Sep 2024

DRC | Livelihoods and economic inclusion

406 households, representing 1,971 people, received livelihood assistance, comprising seeds, farming tools, technical support, training, and semi-mechanization.

Jan - Nov 2024

DRC | Environment

As part of environmental protection efforts, 26,102 seedlings of Acacia mangium were planted on over 130 hectares of land in the three refugee communities of Meri, Biringi, and Bele.

Jan - Nov 2024

DRC | Education

33,879 school-age children including 19,321 girls and 1,374 boys received school kits and tuition support.

Jan - Nov 2024

DRC | Cash-based interventions

A total of 33,879 refugees (19,321 females and 1,374 males) received cash-based interventions.

Jan - Nov 2024

DRC | Gender-based violence

Psychological support was provided to 92 per cent of the survivors, 19 per cent received medical assistance, and 5 per cent of the survivors were referred to the justice system.

Jan - Nov 2024

DRC | Health

29,604 refugees received medical assistance, including child vaccination, delivery care, secondary and tertiary care.

Jan - Nov 2024

Sudan | Water, sanitation and hygiene

Partners provided clean water to 418,463 South Sudanese refugees and asylum-seekers in White Nile, Blue Nile, Kordofans, and Kassala. On average, 12 litres of water per person per day were supplied.

Jan - Nov 2024

Sudan | Education

In White Nile, over 35,000 refugee children, or 22 per cent of the school-age population (ages 6-17 years old), were enrolled in schools. The White Nile State Ministry of Education administered Grade 6 exams to over 1,600 South Sudanese refugee children, enabling them to transition to intermediate education when schools reopen.

Jan - 30 Sep

Uganda | Health and nutrition

95 per cent of health facilities approved by the National authorities.
Outpatient facilities provided 695,557 consultations with each clinician averaging 44 consultations per day.

Sep 2024

Uganda | Protection

All South Sudanese refugees in Uganda were registered and issued documentation.

Sep 2024

Uganda | Child Protection

46,899 children participated in recreational activities and psychosocial interventions in child-friendly spaces. Of these, 4,887 unaccompanied or separated children were placed in kinship and foster care arrangements. An additional 14,204 adolescents received skills development support.

Sep 2024

Consequences of inaction

Ethiopia | Child protection

While 16,693 children (9,145 boys and 7,548 girls) with specific needs benefited from case management, due to funding shortages, the child-to-case worker ratio was 243:1 below the standard of 25:1, compromising the identification and care of children-at-risk.

Ethiopia | Gender-based violence

In the Benishangul Gumuz region, 80 per cent of the GBV incentive workers (27 individuals) resigned due to low wages. New teams had to be recruited and retrained.

Ethiopia | Education

Three secondary schools in Gambella were closed from December 2023 to March 2024, impacting 6,377 children, when RRP partners could not meet the cost of teacher salaries and scholastic materials.

Ethiopia | Health and nutrition

Only critical emergency patients were referred from refugee camps to secondary and tertiary health facilities. Other patients, unable to access tertiary care, struggled with health issues. In the Gambella and Benishangul Gumuz camps, only critical emergency patients were referred to secondary and tertiary health facilities. Other patients, unable to access tertiary care, struggled with health issues. Nearly 58,817 refugee children between 24 and 59 months old were not able to receive super cereal porridge.

Ethiopia | Shelter

85 per cent of households in the camps in the Benishangul Gumuz region and 43 per cent in the Gambella region lack proper housing.

Ethiopia | Water, sanitation and hygiene

Refugees in Gambella and Benishangul Gumuz received an average of 13.6 litres of water per person per day in camps, below the 20-litre standard, and only 1 per cent of refugee households received adequate soap for hygiene, against a 70 per cent minimum standard. Only 33 per cent of households had access to household latrines, far below the target of 85 per cent for protracted situations, increasing hygiene and disease risks.

Kenya | Health and nutrition

Clinicians in refugee-attended health facilities handled 75-90 consultations daily, exceeding the WHO standard of 50 consultations per clinician per day.

Kenya | Education

In Kakuma, El Nino rains and flash floods damaged 17 schools, including 12 classrooms including sanitation facilities which disrupted learning for 29,244 students.

Kenya | Water, sanitation and hygiene

In Kakuma, only 68.5 per cent of the refugee population had household latrines, and refugees received an average of 15.4 litres per person per day, increasing the risk of water-borne diseases. The shortage of water impacted over 8,869 people engaged in agriculture.

Kenya | Child Protection

1488 unaccompanied or separated refugee children in the reception centres were reunified with their families in the community.

Jan - Jun 2024

Kenya | Education

To support the El Nino-affected refugees, 37,000 school learners received scholastic material. 64 families made up of 335 individuals were provided complete transitional shelters or materials.

Jan - Jun 2024

Sudan (RRP)

People in Need

5.0 million

People Targeted

5.0 million

Requirements (US$)

$1.8 billion

Countries covered

Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan, Uganda

Refugees and returnees

4.1 million

Host communities (directly and indirectly) targeted

883,196

Crisis overview

The conflict in Sudan has become one of the largest and most devastating displacement, humanitarian and protection crises in the world today. Since 15 April 2023, clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have displaced nearly 11.4 million people inside Sudan and into the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan and Uganda. As of October 2024, almost 3 million people fled Sudan since the outbreak of the conflict. This includes nearly 2.3 million refugees and asylum-seekers. Sudan was also a large refugee-hosting country and close to 655,000 refugees residing there have been compelled to return mainly to South Sudan, but also Central African Republic and Ethiopia, in adverse conditions. By end of August 2024, Chad had received 163,654 refugee and migrant returnees from Sudan. Another estimated 260,000 refugees in Sudan who were largely self-reliant prior to the conflict were forced to self-relocate within Sudan to relatively safer areas, putting a strain on already limited resources, infrastructure and social services.

Sudan is also facing the worst levels of food insecurity in its history, with a staggering 26 million people suffering from acute hunger. Famine conditions were confirmed in August 2024, and the situation was particularly critical for people trapped in the conflict-affected areas of Aj Jazirah, Darfur, Khartoum and Kordofan. Concurrently, Sudan is also struggling with diseases and flooding, exacerbating the suffering of the population.

Most refugees from Sudan arrive in asylum countries in dire conditions, with little or no assets or resources. Many encountered violence during flight, and in particular, women and girls faced gender-based violence (GBV) risks while in transit, in temporary shelters, and at the borders. Family separation is a concern, with the impact mainly on children. Refugees exhibit high levels of mental distress, and reports of intimate partner violence in CAR, Chad, and South Sudan, account for 79, 66 and 52 per cent of disclosed GBV incidents occurring in the camps,¹ respectively. At the same time, a relatively large proportion of the Sudanese refugee population in some countries are urban and educated, with professional skills. To meet the needs of the displaced, asylum countries will need to expand and strengthen tailored protection and assistance programmes for refugee populations.

Upper Nile State, South Sudan

A UNHCR staff member registers a refugee who fled the conflict in Khartoum, Sudan, at the registration centre in Renk Transit Centre 2.

UNHCR/Samuel Otieno

The asylum countries are affected by climate disasters annually, impacting the humanitarian response. In Chad, in 2024, more than 32,000 refugees were affected by floods in the four provinces of Ouaddaï, Wadi-Fira, Sila and Enndi Est, with thousands of refugees and host communities displaced, as their shelters, water and sanitation facilities were destroyed.² In South Sudan, heavy rainfall and flooding caused widespread disruption to service delivery in Jamjang and Maban, where new arrivals were hosted. In Jamjang, over 500 metric tonnes of food remained undelivered for several months, affecting planned refugee relocations from Renk, via Malakal, to Ajuong Thok and Pamir camps.³ Humanitarian partners will need to institute emergency measures as well as climate resilience programming to be able to respond to the needs of the displaced in 2025.

Humanitarian programmes across refugee-hosting countries need sustained international support to respond, but throughout 2024, they were underfunded with severe consequences. The food basket in most hosting countries only partially met the recommended dietary needs of refugees, leading to food insecurity and exacerbating harmful coping mechanisms. Protection services, including critical GBV services in transit centres, were scaled back due to limited funding such as in Ethiopia. Registration and access to documentation are also affected by long waiting periods for asylum-seekers, particularly in Egypt, where the Government estimates that 1.2 million Sudanese fled to Egypt since the start of the conflict in mid-April 2023. These services are all critical to refugee well-being and will need to be strengthened in 2025.

Despite attempts at various ceasefires and peace agreements, restoration of peace has been unsuccessful. If the conflict continues in 2025, refugees, returnees, and third country nationals will likely continue to flee out of the country, with an estimated 4 million in need in neighbouring and nearby countries by the end of the year. Land travel will remain the most widely used mode of transportation despite remote entry points to neighbouring countries. In 2024, partners in the Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) scaled up and established themselves in these remote locations, but these areas had difficult conditions that required extensive and costly logistical arrangements. Partners will need to continue providing life-saving assistance and onward transportation for new arrivals to camps or settlements for refugees and other destinations for returnees and third country nationals.

Ruweng, South Sudan

Amira, a Sudanese refugee, plants sorghum on her farm in Ajuong Thok refugee camp, Ruweng, showcasing resilience and self-reliance through agriculture.

UNHCR/Samuel Otieno

Response priorities in 2025

With the possibility of protracted displacement, it is imperative for RRP partners to strengthen the focus on addressing development and resilience needs to foster greater stability and self-sufficiency alongside the humanitarian response.

Greater efforts will be invested in 2025 in the seven main refugee-hosting countries to include refugees in national social services, particularly health and education, as well as financial and economic inclusion. The concerted efforts at engaging development partners since the start of the crisis, will be further stepped up in 2025, building on engagements with the African Development Bank, the World Bank, the EU’s Directorate-General for International Partnerships and other development actors. Partners will invest in integrated settlements, extending and expanding service delivery and creating economic opportunities in areas impacted by displacement.

In 2025, country operations will improve their localization engagement by including and/or expanding the presence of national NGOs in the response and supporting them to better tailor interventions to field realities. This will include engaging with country-level NGO forums on localization strategies, as well as working with community-based protection structures to increase the number of refugee-led organizations (RLOs) and local NGOs across all sectors and sub-sectors working groups involved in the refugee response. Engaging refugees to increase their meaningful participation in the planning and implementation of community responses, ensuring that interventions are more inclusive and better suited to local realities, will also be key areas to expand in 2025.

The plan also prioritizes cross-cutting efforts to enhance protection from sexual exploitation and abuse and accountability to affected populations, and promotes age, gender equality and diversity inclusion. Partners are also committed to mitigating climate shocks across the response.

Sila, Chad

Hawida, a former teacher and mother of six, reviews her documents with a UNHCR staff member at Kerfi refugee settlement.

UNHCR/Eugene Sibomana

For 2025, RRP partners require $1.78 billion to protect and assist close to 5 million refugees, returnees, host community members and others. The regional strategic objectives guiding the response for 2025 are to:

Support host countries in ensuring access to territory and asylum for all individuals in need of international protection, in compliance with the principle of non-refoulement and other regional and international obligations, including maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum.
Support host countries to provide timely, effective and inclusive life-saving protection and humanitarian assistance for those fleeing Sudan, with a specific focus on identifying protection risks and supporting those at heightened risk and in need of specialized protection interventions including family reunification, resettlement and complementary pathways.
Support host countries to strengthen institutional and local capacity to include refugees in national systems and services, particularly in health, education, child protection and the economy, and ensure that refugees can live in integrated settlements with their host communities.
Support neighbouring countries to ensure access to their territory for third country nationals fleeing Sudan, and assist, in close coordination with embassies and consulates, immigration procedures and the option to enable them to return home to their respective countries of origin.

Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia

Hawa, a 40-year-old Sudanese refugee, stands outside her shelter with her daughters Islam, 7, and Maha, 10, at Kurmuk transit centre.

UNHCR/Tiksa Negeri

2024 in review: Response highlights and consequences of inaction

Response highlights

Protection

117,000 individuals received protection services.

Includes Child Protection services and GBV responses, Jan - Aug 2024

Food

984,000 individuals provided with food assistance.

Jan - Aug 2024

Shelter

223,000 individuals supported with shelter or housing assistance.

Jan - Aug 2024

Cash

167,000 individuals relocated or supported with transportation cash allowance.

Jan - Aug 2024

Non-food items

229,000 individuals received non-food items.

Jan - Aug 2024

Health

326,000 individuals provided with primary healthcare consultations.

Jan - Aug 2024

Consequences of inaction

Access constraints affected the timely response to refugees seeking asylum, specifically insecurity in the Vakaga prefecture of Central African Republic, where refugees are hosted, in the Amhara region of Ethiopia where two settlements were closed down, and in Libya where access constraints have limited the response.

Ethiopia | Food

The food basket provided to refugees could only meet 60 per cent of the recommended dietary needs.

Ethiopia | Sanitation

In the transit centres and settlements hosting new arrivals, an average of 94 individuals are sharing a latrine compared to the standard of fewer than 50, contributing to the risk of diseases and reduced dignity.

South Sudan | Camp coordination and camp management

The Renk Transit Centre remains overcrowded, without the proper infrastructure, such as access roads, drainage systems, and sanitation facilities.

South Sudan | Non-food items

New arrivals lack essential non-food items, such as kitchen sets, mosquito nets, soap and blankets, necessary for basic living conditions.

Uganda | Gender-based violence

In 2024, there was a 67 per cent reduction in GBV caseworkers from 2023 across the operation, and most collection points and transit centres do not have dedicated GBV caseworkers.

Uganda | Water, sanitation and hygiene

Due to the large influx of Sudanese refugees, the water system of Kiryandongo settlement is in a critical situation. Access to safe water has severely degraded, from 17 litres per person per day in January 2024 to less than 10 litres per person per day in September 2024.

Central African Republic | Lack of funding and access

The lack of funding, along with access challenges to some of the areas where Sudanese refugees are arriving, has left 29,415 refugees with limited access to protection, shelter, WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene), healthcare, education, and food.

Central African Republic | Water supply

In Korsi refugee settlement, the water supply is only 7.5 litres per person per day, far below the post-emergency standard of 20 litres per person per day. Conflicts over water points put women and children at particular risk of harm, as well as heatstroke due to high temperatures.

Chad | Health

There is only one doctor for every 25,000 people, more than twice the standard ratio, and a limited supply of essential drugs.

Chad | Protection

Protection case managers cover 3 to 4 times the standard number of cases, that is, 1 case manager for every 66 child protection cases, 1 case manager for 84 GBV cases and 1 case manager for 84 mental health and psychosocial support cases.

Egypt | Education

54 per cent of all school-aged children (238,000) arriving from Sudan are out of school as of September 2024.

Egypt | Host community

With Egypt’s resources already stretched, reduced funding is likely to exacerbate tensions between refugees and host communities. Rising unemployment and poverty for refugees in Egypt will increase the burden on the host community and give rise to negative sentiments towards refugees.

Libya | Child protection

The ongoing underfunding of child protection services (4 per cent funded) exacerbates the suffering of children, leading to an inability to provide service continuity, especially affecting those on the move.

Libya | Education

Education is only 8 per cent funded, leaving Sudanese children out of school and exposed to major risks of child labour, domestic violence, child and early marriage and the risk of smuggling and trafficking.

Syrian Arab Republic (3RP)

People in Need

17.6 million

People Targeted

11.8 million

Requirements (US$)

$4.6 billion

Countries covered

Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Türkiye

Refugees targeted

6.1 million

Host communities (directly and indirectly) targeted

5.8 million

Crisis overview⁴

The Middle East faces escalating challenges, with Lebanon’s situation deteriorating rapidly since late September 2024, leading to widespread internal displacement and cross-border movements into Syria and neighboring countries. As of beginning of November, Lebanon had 878,497 internally displaced people (IDPs)⁵ while approximately 510,000⁶ had crossed into Syria (71 per cent Syrians, and 29 per cent Lebanese and other nationalities). These developments further strain overstretched resources and services, intensifying the already volatile regional landscape, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis, undermining development gains, and deepening the vulnerabilities of both refugees and host communities.⁷

Now in its fourteenth year, the Syria crisis has displaced more than 5 million Syrians who continue to seek refuge in neighboring countries covered by the Syria Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP): Türkiye, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt. In 2025, Iraq will transition out of the 3RP by promoting refugee inclusion into public services and shifting the remaining humanitarian programmes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) 2025-2029. The prolonged displacement has severely strained host countries' infrastructure, economies, and public services, especially in employment, housing, healthcare, education, and waste management.

Jdeidet Yabous Border Crossing, Syrian Arab Republic

People fleeing hostilities in Lebanon carry their belongings as they cross the Jdeidet Yabous border into Syria on foot. The road between the Lebanese (Al-Masnaa) and Syrian (Jdeidet Yabous) sides of the border has been severely damaged and made impassable by three Israeli airstrikes.

UNHCR/Hameed Maarouf

In 2024, socio-economic conditions in 3RP countries deteriorated further, due to rising living costs, limited job opportunities and fuel shortages, which increased vulnerabilities across populations. In Lebanon, even before the recent escalations between Israel and Hezbollah, severe economic instability and inflation had pushed many refugee households to adopt harmful coping mechanisms, like child labor and early marriage. Host communities are also impacted, with 73 per cent of Lebanese living in multi-dimensional poverty.⁸ In Jordan, poverty levels among refugees have risen sharply, with many resorting to borrowing money and cutting essential services like healthcare and education.⁹ Similarly, Egypt’s deteriorating economic situation requires resilience-focused interventions to help both refugees and host communities manage higher costs and access basic services.

These regional fragilities are compounded by ongoing conflicts, such as in Sudan and Gaza, Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), recent escalations in Lebanon, and disasters. The overlapping emergencies place immense pressure on host countries' already overstretched systems. For example, in Türkiye, recovery efforts following the February 2023 earthquakes continue to burden local systems. Protection concerns, including child labor and domestic violence among refugees, are also rising, worsening the hardships faced by vulnerable populations¹⁰.

Looking to 2025, 3RP countries face considerable challenges that require a coordinated, multisectoral approach to address the compounded impacts of rising poverty and shrinking protection space. Alongside these socio-economic pressures, Lebanon and Jordan are increasingly vulnerable to climate shocks, placing large segments of their refugee populations at high risk. This underscores the urgent need for climate adaptation and resilience-building strategies across the region.¹¹

Aid in Action

Lebanon-Syria cross-border displacement amid escalations

Syrian Arab Republic

The Al-Arida border point with Lebanon was hit twice by Israeli airstrikes, causing extensive damage to UNHCR-supported facilities, including a health border point operated with SARC and the Department of Health. UNHCR’s rub-hall also suffered shrapnel damage.

UNHCR/Al-Batoul

Since 23 September 2024, the escalation of hostilities in Lebanon has driven around 510,000 people¹² to cross into Syria, with an estimated 71 per cent of these arrivals being Syrians and 29 per cent Lebanese refugees and other nationals. Most new arrivals have crossed into Syria through border points including Joussieh and Dabbousieh in Homs, Jdaidet Yabous near Rural Damascus, and Jesr Al Kamar near Wadi Khaled, with significant populations (over 100k) moving on towards north-east Syria and a smaller number (around 8k) towards north-west Syria.

These populations have distinct protection issues and vulnerabilities. They are mobile, exposed to protection risks, including crossing lines and borders within the region, and beyond. For Syrian refugees returning to Syria in adverse circumstances, their protection needs are heightened having fled conflict and violence in Lebanon to return to a country devastated by years of conflict and an uncertain safety and security environment.

The response to this new emergency is outlined in an Inter-Agency Emergency Appeal (October 2024 to March 2025). Partners are providing critical services - shelter, food, health, and protection - to address the multi-sectoral needs of those displaced, both at the border crossing points as well as in the destination communities. However, the scale of the emergency has already grown beyond the initial planning figures and these cross-border movements have intensified existing pressures on Syria’s already strained resources adding further complexity to the broader humanitarian response across Syria. With needs that will likely stretch beyond March 2025, ensuring sustained support throughout 2025 is essential to bolster both immediate relief and long-term resilience for displaced populations and their host communities.

In addition to 3RP requirements, in 2025, US$ 189 million is urgently needed for the ongoing response to assist the new arrivals fleeing the conflict in Lebanon. As of mid-November, the appeal remains severely underfunded.

Response priorities in 2025

In 2025, the 3RP will continue its integrated humanitarian and resilience-based development approach, focusing on the protection and socio-economic inclusion of Syrian refugees and vulnerable host communities. With over 17.1 million people in need, including 6.29 million refugees, the strategic objectives of the 2025 response will center on four key areas:

1. Protecting people:
Protection is central to the 3RP response. Partners will continue safeguarding refugees and vulnerable host community members from exploitation, abuse, violence, and psychosocial distress, while supporting survivors. Partners will ensure access to legal aid and documentation, helping refugees lead dignified lives and access basic services. In addition, strengthening gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, mitigation, and response, increasing the scale and scope of specialized child protection services, and expanding community protection and refugee-host community cohesion will remain priorities. Recent reports highlight the urgent need for targeted protection interventions, particularly to address the rising incidents of child labor and early marriages in Lebanon and Jordan, as well as protection challenges for women and children in Türkiye and Egypt.¹³

2. Promoting durable solutions:
Aligned with international standards and frameworks, the 3RP works towards achieving durable solutions. It emphasizes expanding complementary pathways, resettlement opportunities, and supporting voluntary, safe, and dignified returns, ensuring that refugees can make informed and voluntary decisions. 3RP partners also commit to enhancing the inclusion of refugees in third-country development planning and programming. In 2025, maintaining and expanding resettlement quotas and complementary pathways–such as family reunification, labor mobility schemes and high education scholarships–will be crucial. Ensuring refugees have access to reliable information to make independent, informed decisions on return will also remain a priority.

Egypt

Reem, a Syrian refugee and mother of seven, holds her baby girl, Jury. Reem fled to Egypt with her family in 2016. Once dreaming of becoming a lawyer in Syria, she was unable to complete her education but has been volunteering with local NGOs since 2020, offering advice and support to other refugees.

UNHCR/Pedro Costa Gomes

3. Contributing to dignified lives:
3RP partners are committed to assisting refugees and host communities access essential services like healthcare and education, ensuring food security, and providing sustainable, decent livelihood opportunities to promote self-reliance. The response also aims to enhance housing standards for the most affected communities, boost learning and employability skills, and advocate for their inclusion in national social protection initiatives. Recent assessments show a sharp decline in food security, especially in Jordan's refugee camps, underscoring the need for additional support. Similarly, expanded employment programmes for refugees and vulnerable host communities, along with targeted support for women’s economic participation will be needed given the high unemployment rates across 3RP countries.¹⁴

4. Enhancing local and national capacities:
Enhancing access to sustainable services for refugees and vulnerable host community members, while strengthening social cohesion, requires robust support for national and local capacities. In line with the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the SDGs, 3RP partners will advance localization by empowering local and national authorities, fostering community ownership, supporting local entities such as civil society organizations, and strengthening partnerships with the private sector. Addressing the ongoing socio-economic challenges in 3RP countries will also demand closer collaboration with development actors to support local authorities and community groups, ensuring refugees and host communities can access basic services and economic opportunities.¹⁵

Jordan

Rania, a 17-year-old refugee student in Zaatari camp, rejoices with her father after scoring 83.8 on her high school exams. "Despite all of the hardships and obstacles, I got 83.80 out of 100. I thank everyone who contributed to my success: my supportive family, teachers, and friends.” Rania dreams of earning a scholarship to study media and journalism.

UNHCR/Shawkat Alharfoush

With about 250 partners across 3RP countries supporting government-led efforts to assist refugees and vulnerable host community members, the 3RP’s long-term, solutions-oriented response is guided by the One Refugee approach, the GCR and the 2030 Agenda. Notably, Iraq has transitioned out of the 3RP by promoting refugee inclusion into public services and shifting towards resilience-strengthening programmes. This transition is coordinated under the UNSDCF, aiming to advance refugee inclusion through the Leave No One Behind agenda and fully operationalize the humanitarian-development nexus within the refugee response.

Cross-cutting issues:
Disability, inclusion, accountability to affected people, and protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, remain crucial elements of the 3RP response. Guided by the principles of Leave No One Behind and Resilience for All, the 3RP continues to target the most vulnerable, while addressing intersecting inequalities that limit access to services and opportunities and strengthening institutions to provide quality responses. Recent reports highlight growing disparities among refugee populations, especially among women, children, and people with disabilities, who face heightened protection risks, including gender-based violence, child labor, and exploitation.¹⁶

The outlook for 2025 remains deeply concerning given the high uncertainties surrounding a peaceful solution to the Syria crisis, the growing number of conflicts in the region, limited multi-year funding, and declining humanitarian and resilience support for the Syria situation. Underfunding poses significant risks for refugee-hosting countries like Türkiye, Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt, where rising needs and worsening socio-economic conditions threaten to overwhelm public services and heighten social tensions. To prevent these outcomes, increased multi-year funding and sustained international support are essential to ensure to maintain essential services–healthcare, education, food assistance, livelihoods support, and shelter–for those most in need.¹⁷

Türkiye

Ru’ya, an initiative by Takaful Al Sham Charity, empowers Syrian IDP and refugee adolescents through programs on personal growth, career development, and community engagement. Over the last five years, it has equipped more than 2,000 young people in Syria and Türkiye to lead positive change for Syria’s future.

Takaful Al Sham Charity

Aid in Action

Refugees from Lebanon arriving in Iraq

UNHCR is coordinating the response for some 35,000 refugees from Lebanon who have arrived in Iraq since the escalation of hostilities in Lebanon through various points, including the Al-Qaim border crossing and airports in Baghdad and Najaf. A total of 418 households have also contacted UNHCR online, identifying themselves as Syrian refugees who have arrived in Iraq after fleeing Lebanon and requesting to be registered. Most refugees from Lebanon are hosted in Karbala and Najaf, while the remaining are spread across different governorates in central and southern Iraq, including Baghdad and Diyala.

In response to the urgent protection needs of refugees from Lebanon, UNHCR, in collaboration with existing partners in Federal Iraq, is providing child protection, gender-based violence (GBV) support, and mental health and psychosocial services (MHPSS) to individuals seeking assistance at community centers. UNHCR also continues to provide information to refugees from Lebanon on how they can access national services such as education and healthcare. Through its partners, the Legal Clinics Network (LCN), Terre des Hommes (TdH), and Intersos, UNHCR is also present in Najaf, Karbala, Baghdad, Ninewa, Babil, and other governorates, maintaining contact with local authorities to gather information on the arrival of refugees from Lebanon in these areas.

2024 in review: Response highlights and consequences of inaction

Response highlights

Expanding efforts to nurture community protection and refugee-host community cohesion

517,577 individuals engaged in, or benefited from the services through community outreach mechanisms, or community-led initiatives

GBV is prevented and the risk of its occurrence mitigated

39,451 individuals received Gender-Based Violence (GBV) response services

Access to quality health care services for refugees and host communities has been enhanced

1,108,521 consultations provided through primary health care services

Maximizing resettlement opportunities for those most in need

10,605 refugees benefitted from resettlement from a range of states (Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Türkiye)

Response capacities of national public institutions strengthened

5,962 staff of national public institutions, including front line workers such as nurses and teachers were trained

Data covers 01 January up to 30 June 2024

Türkiye | Cash-based interventions

Basic needs supported through the delivery of monthly cash assistance to 1.5 million refugees (over 327,000 households) by the Ministry of Family and Social Services and Turkish Red Crescent outside of the 3RP appeal. 12,866 individuals received shelter support.

Jordan | Legal support & protection

Legal support was provided to nearly 47,000 refugees, and over 22,000 survivors of GBV received counseling and support.

Lebanon | Health

over 1.6 million primary healthcare consultations provided to vulnerable Lebanese, Syrians, Palestinians and migrants through 150 primary healthcare centers within the Ministry of Public Health network. 200,000 consultations provided through mobile medical units in hard-to-reach areas and collective shelters housing IDPs who have been affected by escalating hostilities in Lebanon.

Egypt | Child protection

37,856 children and caregivers received Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services through child-friendly spaces and family clubs across eight governorates.

Consequences of inaction

Türkiye

Underfunding, registration challenges and the aftermath of the 2023 earthquakes, along with ongoing global and local economic challenges, have limited vulnerable refugees’ and host communities’ access to basic services, leaving hundreds of thousands unable to cover their basic needs without cash assistance, and thousands without essential protection services.

Jordan

With diminishing humanitarian support, essential services like healthcare, food, and cash assistance are being scaled back, forcing refugees to adopt harmful coping strategies.

Lebanon

The recent escalating hostilities and mass internal displacement have compounded the impact of the economic crisis and Syria situation on Lebanon. Many will be left without safe housing, face rising food insecurity, and have limited access to essential health services.

Egypt

In 2024, over 800,000 refugees were registered, with projections indicating this could exceed 1.6 million by 2025. Regulatory changes complicate refugees' legal status, restricting their access to essential services like healthcare and education.

Ukraine (RRP)

People in Need

2.2 million

People Targeted

2.2 million

Requirements (US$)

$698.4 million

Countries covered

Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia

Refugees

2.1 million

Host communities (directly) targeted

41,500

Crisis Overview:

The war in Ukraine has precipitated one of the largest refugee crises in the world. Since its escalation in February 2022, almost 6.8 million refugees from Ukraine¹⁸ have been recorded globally, with 92 per cent in Europe. Partners across the region have come together through three consecutive coordinated and comprehensive Regional Refugee Response Plans (RRPs) to protect and assist refugees from Ukraine hosted in 11 countries. Governments have been in the lead of this response since the beginning, and the RRP supports them to address the evolving, yet persisting, humanitarian needs.

Based on population movement trends since the start of the conflict,¹⁹ it is expected that refugee movements to and from Ukraine will remain largely stable in 2025, barring any unforeseen significant developments inside the country. Refugees from Ukraine continue to face challenges, particularly among vulnerable groups like women, children, older people, and those with disabilities. Family separation heightens risks of gender-based violence (GBV) and trafficking. Economic inclusion remains a struggle, with many refugees limited to informal, lower-wage work due to language barriers, skill recognition issues, and limited training opportunities.

Access to healthcare is a pressing concern, with refugees facing high costs, long wait times, and language barriers, especially for those with chronic illnesses. Mental health needs are significant but largely unmet, and gaps in education leave half of school-aged children unenrolled, posing long-term risks to their development. Coordinated efforts are needed to reinforce protection, healthcare, education, and economic support to ensure refugees’ stability and prospects amid ongoing displacement.

The response will therefore ensure effective access to legal status, rights and services as well as address refugees’ needs and vulnerabilities in the host countries and communities, with targeted multisectoral support as necessary in the areas of protection, health, mental health, education, socio-economic inclusion, basic needs, and social cohesion.

Warsaw, Poland

Kristina, 36, and her children Roma, 12, Emanuel, 9 and Gizella, 4, have found a comforting community at the Foundation Towards Dialogue. For Kristina, this place is full of warmth, where she can connect with other Romani and Ukrainian mothers, creating a sense of home and belonging.

UNHCR/Anna Liminowicz

Response priorities in 2025

For 2025, the Ukraine RRP seeks $698.4 million to protect and assist more than 2.1 million refugees and 41,500 affected host community members in Moldova. The RRP targets refugees fleeing the war in Ukraine. Included in the response plan are also other refugees living in the same communities as refugees from Ukraine, people who are stateless or at risk of statelessness.

As the refugee situation becomes more protracted, and the coordinated response enters its fourth year, the focus is shifting from addressing urgent humanitarian needs to ensuring refugees have effective access to legal status, protection and rights and are included in their host countries’ societies and national services. This requires sustainable, long-term responses that empower refugees to rebuild their lives with dignity while making meaningful contributions to the societies that have welcomed them. To help make progress against these longer-term goals, partners have developed a two-year plan aligning the response more closely with government plans.

Slovakia

Ukrainian refugees find solace and purpose through sewing, helping to rebuild their lives, foster hope, and promote inclusion in their new communities.

UNHCR/Martina Matejova

Partners will focus on ensuring the sustainability of the response, by promoting effective inclusion in national systems and services, refugee empowerment and self-reliance in support of host governments, local authorities, and national and local civil society. This may also include consolidating or transitioning service delivery as well as coordination systems to the Government, where feasible and appropriate. Efforts to strengthen the capacity of national systems and institutions benefit refugees and host communities alike.

Emphasis will also be placed on strengthening localization by continuing the engagement with national and local civil society organizations, municipalities, and refugee-led organizations in order to support and strengthen local capacity and consolidate the response across the country, including in rural areas or urban centers other than capital cities. These actors play a central role in this Plan, ensuring that the response is tailored to the specific needs of communities.²⁰

Nevertheless, support may still be needed to enable governments to identify evolving refugee needs and expand services to address those needs. Supporting host government preparedness measures and efforts will also remain important, focusing on the possibility of increased numbers of arrivals during the winter months if attacks on critical infrastructure continue and the energy situation in Ukraine does not improve.

Suceava, Romania

Ukrainian refugees participate in Romanian language courses organized by Suceava Youth Centre (National Youth Foundation) building skills for integration and connection.

National Youth Foundation/Radu Andonie

The Ukraine 2025-26 RRP is guided by the four following regional strategic objectives:

Support host countries to ensure that refugees have continued access to legal status, protection, and rights, with a particular focus on vulnerable groups and including age, gender and diversity considerations.
Support host countries in their efforts to include refugees in national systems–decent work, social protection, health, education, child protection services–with a particular focus on outreach and inclusion of vulnerable groups and including, age, gender and disability considerations.
Strengthen social cohesion and peaceful coexistence between refugee communities and their hosts.
Advance localization of the response, by supporting national and local civil society, municipalities and local authorities, as well as coordination structures, sharing and building capacities and supporting sustainable programming.

The Plan supports government leadership and will remain closely aligned with national strategies and is underpinned by the principles of partnership, equality, and transparency. Mainstreamed across these four strategic objectives are several cross-cutting response priorities, including government ownership, sustainability, one-refugee-approach, accountability to affected people, age, gender and diversity, and the protection from sexual exploitation and abuse.

Aid in Action

Working with local partners to improve refugee response

Sofia, Bulgaria

Refugee children engage in recreational activities at the Ukrainian Hive center, run by RRP partner Aid for Ukraine, creating a safe and supportive space for healing and joy.

Aid for Ukraine/Tatyana Cherkshenko

An important element of the Ukraine RRP is to work with and through local partners, supporting them to tailor their programmes to better meet refugees’ needs while also strengthening their capacity to navigate international financing. In Poland, in 2025, RRP partners will participate in the Social Behavior Change Communication Strategy initiative. This strategy seeks to better understand the factors influencing refugee behavior, in order to improve communication. The strategy will focus on social and economic inclusion, social cohesion, skills development, language learning and collective shelter environments, among others. In Moldova, the Refugee Coordination Forum will bring together 40 civil society representatives and local authorities in the last quarter of 2024, to strengthen their capacity to protect refugee rights and undertake institutional development. Through six learning modules, participants gain valuable skills in areas like non-profit management, organizational development, financial sustainability, project management, external relations and advocacy. In Bulgaria, inter-agency partners joined forces to enhance information dissemination on vaccination for children, a key requirement for school enrolment. With support from RRP partners, the Ministry of Health conducted vaccination campaigns and information sessions reaching refugee parents and caregivers ahead of the 2024-2025 academic year. As a result, more than 4,200 refugee children have been enrolled in Bulgarian schools, representing a 17 per cent increase compared to the previous school semester. In Romania, to strengthen local fundraising, RRP partners in the refugee coordination forum have initiated a peer learning program on fundraising and a mapping of funding opportunities. Further, in October, RRP partners participated in a “Donor Meet-Up” with representatives from 14 donor countries and 26 private-sector entities. This marketplace-style event facilitated networking and partnership-building.

2024 in review: Response highlights and consequences of inaction

Response highlights

Protection

960,000 individuals accessed protection services

30 Sep 2024

Child protection

8,065 participants trained on child protection and children’s rights

30 Sep 2024

Education personnel

21,000 education personnel trained or received support to better respond to the needs of refugee learners

30 Sep 2024

Education

113,000 children participated in non-formal education programmes in the host countries

30 Sep 2024

Consequences of inaction

Moldova | Refugee inclusion

Underfunding at this critical juncture risks undermining the country's progress in refugee inclusion, potentially setting back two years of reforms that support over 100,000 refugees–4 per cent of the population, including 81 per cent women and children.

Bulgaria | Community space

For smaller community-based and refugee-led organizations, underfunding affects their capacity to maintain community spaces for refugees that offer protection services and bring together refugees and the local community.

Bulgaria | Mental health and psychosocial support

Out of the targeted 42,000 individuals in need of mental health and psychosocial support services and activities, partners have reached 19 per cent during the year. Funding gaps affect the ability to retain specialized professionals–such as doctors, occupational therapists, child psychologists, and skilled teachers–to address the diverse needs of children with autism, development disabilities, and other specific needs.

Romania | Vocational support

With limited resources, partners cannot sustain language classes, job placement, or vocational training, essential for refugees’ economic independence. Over 7,800 individuals, including 3,000 needing vocational support and 4,800 awaiting entrepreneurship guidance, are directly impacted.

Romania | Education

Of the 45,000 refugee students enrolled during the 2023/2024 school year, only 30 per cent attended schools regularly. Education hubs that assist 9,000 students in transitioning to Romanian schools are also at risk of closure.

References

GBV: Sudan Situation June 2024: https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111029
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External Update 76 https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/110914
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bid
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The Lebanon Response Plan (LRP) 2024 remains the primary planning framework in the country and is co-led with the Government. The LRP covers immediate and medium-term needs across all vulnerable population groups, including Lebanese, refugees and migrants, including through support to Lebanese institutions and public services amid the multi-faceted crisis. The Lebanon Flash Appeal is fully complementary to, and supportive of, the LRP. It enables partners to rapidly deliver principled and effective life-saving assistance and protection to one million Lebanese, Syrians, Palestine refugees in Lebanon, Palestinian refugees from Syria, and migrants. In the GHO, the 3RP Lebanon Chapter and the Lebanon Flash Appeal constitute the total requirements for Lebanon.
Syria (influx from Lebanon) numbers are persons, crossing into Syria from Lebanon through border crossing points, due to the escalation of hostilities in Lebanon, as outlined in the Inter-Agency Emergency Appeal (October 2024 to March 2025), and requirements linked to the response.
At the launch of GHO 2025, the 3RP includes planning figures from the Inter-Agency Emergency Appeal for the Influx from Lebanon to Syria, which was launched in October 2024 and runs until March 2025. The humanitarian components of this emergency appeal will be absorbed into the 2025 Humanitarian Response Plan for Syria. These figures will therefore be superseded by the 2025 HRP, once completed, and all GHO data will then be updated accordingly.
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IOM Mobility Snapshot - Round 61, 11 November 2024
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SARC Emergency Response for the influx from Lebanon to Syria; 5 November 2024
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Inter-Agency Emergency Appeal for the Influx from Lebanon to Syria, October 2024 to March 2025, 7 October 2024; Appeal: Lebanon, October - December 2024 (October 2024), 1 October 2024.
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VASyR 2023: Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, 10 June 2024; Lebanon Poverty and Equity Assessment 2024, 23 May 2024.
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JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Camps, 3 June 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Host Communities, 3 June 2024.
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IAPNA Round 8, 01 November 2024.
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JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Camps, 3 June 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Host Communities, 3 June 2024; VASyR 2023: Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, 10 June 2024.
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SARC Emergency Response for the influx from Lebanon to Syria; 5 November 2024
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JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Camps, 3 June 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Host Communities, 3 June 2024; VASyR 2023: Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, 10 June 2024; ; IAPNA Round 8, 01 November 2024.
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JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Camps, 3 June 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Host Communities, 3 June 2024.
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2024 3RP Egypt Country Chapter; 3RP Türkiye Country Chapter 2023 - 2025, July 2024; VASyR 2023: Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, 10 June 2024.
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JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Camps, 3 June 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Host Communities, 3 June 2024; VASyR 2023: Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, 10 June 2024; ; IAPNA Round 8, 01 November 2024.
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3RP Türkiye Country Chapter 2023 - 2025, July 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Camps, 3 June 2024; JORDAN: 2024 VAF Socio-Economic Survey on Refugees in Host Communities, 3 June 2024; https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2023-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-lebanon 10 June 2024; 2024 3RP Egypt Country Chapter.
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As of 15 October 2024.
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With people still fleeing the war and hostilities across Ukraine, some refugees undertaking pendular movements and short-visits to Ukraine and host communities, and other refugees have returned to Ukraine on a more permanent basis.
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In the case of Moldova partners will provide targeted support to vulnerable, individual members of the host community.
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Ouaddaï, Chad

Global Humanitarian Overview 2025