Nigeria

Summary of needs

As a result of ongoing conflict, climate impacts and economic shocks in north-east Nigeria, 2,573,628 IDPs and returnees will require Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) services in 2025. These vulnerable populations, including 934,055 IDPs in camps, 1,150,008 IDPs in host communities, and 2,093,604 returnees across 1,551 camps and camp- like settings, face considerable challenges related to inadequate infrastructure, limited services and heightened protection risks. A significant proportion (23.8 per cent) of IDP sites are on private land without tenancy agreements, leading to evictions, protection risks and access issues. Abrupt camp closures in Borno State risk creating spontaneous sites in urban areas, while severe weather could exacerbate displacement.

The CCCM Sector will need to address these challenges by fostering multisectoral, rights-based responses that prioritize the most vulnerable, such as women, children, the elderly and persons with disabilities, while ensuring safe and dignified access to aid. Efforts will include maintaining population master lists, supporting self-governance, bridging gaps in assistance, and facilitating durable solutions through community-led discourse. Anticipated increases in returnees, new arrivals and IDPs living in host communities will intensify demand for coordinated in-camp and out-of-camp CCCM interventions, requiring robust site management, service provision and community participation.

Response strategy

In 2025, the Sector will adopt a needs-based response strategy that aligns with the dynamic displacement situation in north-east Nigeria. The CCCM Sector will implement tailored camp management modalities to suit the needs of the displaced population. In Borno State, the core CCCM responses will aim to improve the living conditions of the IDPs in camps and out of camps, while enabling linkages that facilitate pathways to durable solutions. In Adamawa and Yobe states, the Sector will mainly focus on self-communal governance, mobile CCCM responses and area-based approaches. The emphasis will be on strengthening early response capacity and underlying preparedness for anticipated shocks (including floods) across the BAY states.

The Sector will continue working closely with the government and at multisectoral level to advocate for adequate consideration of IDP rights during camp closures and issues around Housing, Land and Property (HLP). The Sector will also prioritize strengthening the capacity of its partners, particularly local actors (including local government), to implement minimum standards for camp management. In response to shocks and sudden events such as floods, fires and excessive new displacement/arrivals, the Sector has merged its sectoral response activities with the wider multisector anticipatory action planning and rapid response mechanism (RRM) approach to capitalize on existing collaborative resources.

Targeting & prioritization

In 2025, the Sector will prioritize its response to the needs of 1,244,013 IDPs and 178,310 returnees, focusing on LGAs with ‘severe’ and ‘extreme’ levels of sectoral deprivation (severity levels 3 and 4). The CCCM Sector will adopt tailored camp management modalities to suit the needs of the displaced population in and out of camp settings. The sectoral responses will prioritize the most vulnerable populations, including women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Where appropriate, the Sector will adopt a phase-out approach, building the response capacity of local structures, including local government and NGOs, while facilitating pathways towards durable solutions. Assistance will specifically target individuals affected by conflict and insecurity, climate-induced displacement (floods and campfires), and abrupt camp closures, including returnees and IDPs residing in spontaneous unplanned sites.

Promoting quality & inclusive programming

The CCCM Sector will continue to prioritize accountability and inclusive programming to promote equitable and dignified access to services and protection for IDPs. As the initial point of contact for displaced populations, CCCM responses will prioritize a people-centred approach that aims to promote well-being and resilience. The Sector will continue advocating and strengthening capacities to enhance adherence to humanitarian principles and other operational global standards, including Minimum Standards for Camp Management. The Sector’s response plan will be guided by the following principles and approaches: camp as the last resort, protection mainstreaming, gender and diversity, disability inclusion, AAP, data protection and privacy principles, and localization across all CCCM responses.

Cost of response

To adequately address the pressing needs of 1.43 million people targeted at IDP sites and 187,000 returnees, the Sector will require a total of $16.3 million for emergency response, anticipatory action and facilitating pathways towards durable solutions. Based on projections for 2025 programming needs, the CCCM response will cost, on average, $17 per person. The main cost drivers are the rolling out of all three cycles of CCCM, coupled with rising inflation and the devaluation of the naira against the dollar, which have significantly increased both operational and administrative costs.